Concentrating photovoltaic retrofit for existing parabolic trough solar collectors: Design, experiments, and levelized c

• Developed photovoltaic retrofit for concentrating solar thermal power plants.
• Concentration ratio on receiver of 74 during experiment (93 with model).
• Average efficiency of 21.3% based on measured flux to photovoltaic modules.
• LCOE estimated below 7¢/kWh for photovoltaic retrofit on existing facilities.